SS-31 10mg

SS‑31, is a synthetic tetrapeptide (D‑Arg‑dimethylTyr‑Lys‑Phe‑NH₂) widely studied in in vitro and in vivo models for its interactions with mitochondrial membranes. Classified as a mitochondria-targeting peptide (MTP), SS‑31 is characterized by its ability to associate with cardiolipin-rich regions of the inner mitochondrial membrane under controlled experimental conditions.

Mechanistic Insights (Experimental Models Only)

• Cardiolipin Interaction
  SS‑31 has been shown to localize to the inner mitochondrial membrane and engage with cardiolipin, a phospholipid involved in membrane curvature and mitochondrial bioenergetics.

• Mitochondrial Dynamics
  In research models, SS‑31 may influence mitochondrial membrane stability and support redox homeostasis by interacting with electron transport complexes.

• Oxidative Stress Parameters
  SS‑31 is frequently studied in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS), where it may modulate oxidative markers in cellular and tissue-based systems.

• Bioenergetic Indicators
  Experimental use of SS‑31 includes assessment of ATP production, membrane potential, and related metabolic outputs in isolated mitochondria or cultured cells.

How does injectable SS-31 work in the body?

SS-31 penetrates mitochondria and binds to cardiolipin, an important component of mitochondrial membranes. This stabilizes and protects mitochondria from damage, thereby promoting more efficient energy production (ATP) and reducing the formation of free radicals.

Main benefits of injectable SS-31 (especially for athletes and active individuals):

• Improving energy metabolism: More efficient ATP production can lead to increased physical performance.
• Supports regeneration: Faster muscle recovery and reduced oxidative stress after tough workouts.
• Cardiovascular and renal protection: Reducing free radical damage can have a positive impact on heart and kidney health.
• Improved endurance and strength: Improved mitochondrial function can lead to increased performance in both strength and endurance disciplines.
• Supporting cognitive function: Reduced oxidative stress can also have a beneficial effect on brain cells and cognitive abilities.

Possible uses of injectable SS-31:

Its research focuses on diseases associated with reduced mitochondrial function (e.g., heart disease, neurodegenerative conditions), as well as supporting athletic performance and accelerating recovery. It is often studied by athletes and active lifestyle enthusiasts for its potential ergogenic properties.

Dosage of injectable SS-31:

The dosages listed below are purely based on anecdotal user experiences and do not serve as medical advice or expert recommendation:

• Beginners: 5 mg 1-2x per week
• Intermediate: 10 mg 1-2 times a week
• Advanced: 15 mg (or more) 1-2 times a week